Sealing Ampules That Contain Unique or Difficult Solutions
熔封包含獨特或困難溶液的安瓿瓶

Nearly any liquid may be packaged and sealed in glass ampules, but some liquids require special procedures to ensure:
幾乎所有液體都可以用玻璃瓶包裝和密封，但有些液體需要特殊程序來確保：
·       A uniform, strong seal,
      一個統(tǒng)一的，強力的密封
·       Operator safety, and
      操作安全
·       Minimal deterioration of equipment
      最小損傷的設備
 
This paper discusses the issues associated with sealing ampules that contain unique or difficult solutions.  Bioscience, Inc. has performed ampule sealing experiments with a variety of liquids. This paper will discuss the sealing of:
本文討論了與密封安瓿有關的問題，這些問題包含特殊或困難的溶液安瓿密封。Bioscience, Inc.用各種液體進行了安瓿密封實驗。本文將討論以下密封：
·       Volatile or Flammable Solvents
      揮發(fā)性的或可燃性的溶劑
·       Corrosive Solutions
      腐蝕性溶液
·       Chlorinated Organic Solutions
      氯化有機溶液
 

Volatile or Flammable Solutions
揮發(fā)性的或可燃性的溶劑

 
When sealing ampules containing volatile and flammable solutions, the following issues may be encountered:
密封含有揮發(fā)性和易燃溶液的安瓿時，可能會遇到以下問題：
·       Burning of the solvent,
      溶劑燃燒
·       Bubbling of the glass ampule seal,
      玻璃安瓿瓶頭起泡
·       And blowout of the glass ampule seal.
      玻璃安瓿封口爆裂。
 
Bubbling and blowout of the seal are caused by the increase of vapor pressure within the glass ampule while it is being sealed.
密封件起泡和爆裂是由于密封時玻璃安瓿內的蒸汽壓力增加而引起的。
 
Volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize, and is directly related to its vapor pressure. The higher the vapor pressure of a substance at a given temperature, the higher the volatility. Therefore, the high vapor pressure of volatile substances can make sealing difficult. As the ampules  are  heated  to  create  a  seal,  the  temperature  of  the  liquid  increases,  thus  also increasing vapor pressure.
揮發(fā)性是一種物質蒸發(fā)的傾向，與它的蒸氣壓直接相關。物質在一定溫度下的蒸氣壓越高，揮發(fā)性越高。因此，揮發(fā)性物質的高蒸氣壓會使密封困難。當安瓿被加熱以形成密封時，液體的溫度升高，從而也增加了蒸汽壓。
 
 

General Recommendations
一般推薦

1. When sealing volatile or flammable solvents, the use of long-necked ampules is recommended.

             當密封揮發(fā)性或易燃溶劑時，建議使用長頸安瓿。
 

2. Ampules should be inspected prior to   use   to   remove   ampules   with cracks or other flaws that might cause breakage and spilling of the contents.

             安瓿在使用前應進行檢查，以去除有裂縫或其他可能導致破損和溢出的缺陷的安瓿。
 

3. Care should be taken when sealing volatile or flammable solvents. Always perform a test run with such solvents using the smallest volume of solvent possible to minimize danger to the user. The use of a safety hood or shield is strongly recommended.

             密封時應小心揮發(fā)性或可燃溶劑。使用此類溶劑進行試運行時，應使用盡可能少的溶劑，以盡量減少對用戶的危險。強烈建議使用安全罩或防護罩。

Ampule Sealer Adjustment
熔封機調整

 
In some cases, minimizing the sealing time (dwell time of the ampule within the flame) and/or reducing the flame temperature may eliminate bubble formation and/or blowout.
在某些情況下，盡可能縮短密封時間（安瓿在火焰中的停留時間）和/或降低火焰溫度可以消除氣泡的形成和/或爆裂。
 

Purge Gas Injection
吹掃器插件

 
Alcohols, crude oils, and alkanes such as hexane can be sealed at ambient temperatures with purge gas injection. Injecting an inert purge gas (i.e. argon or nitrogen) into the ampule after filling displaces both oxygen and solvent vapor from the ampule, reducing vapor pressure and flammability.
醇類、原油和烷烴（如己烷）可在室溫下通過吹掃氣體進行密封。填充后，向安瓿中注入惰性凈化氣體（即氬或氮氣）可置換安瓿中的氧氣和溶劑蒸汽，從而降低蒸汽壓力和易燃性。

 

Chilling of Solvents
溶劑冷卻

 
Very volatile and flammable solvents may need to be chilled to reduce flammability and/or vapor pressure sufficiently to ensure safe sealing. The solvents may be chilled by immersion in cold baths of various types prior to flame sealing (see Table 1).
極易揮發(fā)和易燃的溶劑可能需要冷卻，以充分降低可燃性和/或蒸汽壓力，以確保安全密封。在火焰密封之前，溶劑可通過浸入各種類型的冷槽中進行冷卻（見表1）。
 
Table 1: Solvent Chilling
表1：冷卻溶劑
 

Bath components 冷浴元素	Concentration of * 濃度	Temperature °C 溫度℃
Ice/water/NaCl* 冰/水/氯化鈉	Excess	-10 to -15
Ice/water/CaCl2* 冰/水/二氯化鈣	Excess	-29
Dry ice*/ethanol or isopropanol 干冰*/乙醇或異丙醇	Excess	-72 to -78
Dry ice*/ethylene glycol 干冰*/乙二醇	Excess	-15

 

 
 
If a solution is stable such that components will not separate on chilling, the chilled solvent can be  dispensed  into  ampules.  Unstable  solutions  may
need to  be dispensed into ampules first, then chilled prior to placing in the carousel. Note: the syringe used
in our liquid filler will not seal properly if the liquids are
chilled below ~5°C. A chilling coil immersed in a cooling bath may be usable with the liquid filler (inserted in the flow path between the syringe and the ampule filler head).  With or without purge gas injection, the filled ampules should be advanced into the flame sealing position as rapidly as possible to minimize warming of
the solvent. Keeping the solvent temperature consistent is important to obtain consistent seals.
如果溶液穩(wěn)定，使成分在冷卻時不會分離，則可以將冷卻后的溶劑分配到安瓿中。不穩(wěn)定溶液可能需要先將其放入安瓿中，然后在放入樣品載具盤前冷卻。注：在我們的液體分配器中所用注射器，如果液體冷卻溫度低于~5°C，將會出現(xiàn)漏液問題。浸入冷卻槽中的冷卻盤管可與液體分配器（插入注射器和安瓿灌裝槍之間的流路中）一起使用。無論是否有吹掃氣體注入，應盡快將裝滿的安瓿推進火焰密封位置，以盡量減少溶劑升溫。保持溶劑溫度一致對于獲得一致的密封非常重要。
 
When setting up your ampule sealing equipment, make initial adjustments with empty ampules or ampules containing non-flammable solvent.  Final adjustments are then made with chilled solvent to ensure good sealing.
設置安瓿密封設備時，使用空的安瓿或含有不易燃溶劑的安瓿進行初始調整。然后用冷凍溶劑進行最終調整，以確保密封良好。
 
Very cold solvents will condense water or even form ice on the outside of the ampule.   This condensation may interfere with the uniform spinning of the ampules and result in poor seal quality.  Use of an adapter (for example, a PTFE rod drilled to hold 1-5 mL ampules in a 10 mL carousel) insulates the ampule and prevents condensation from affecting ampule spinning.
極冷的溶劑會使水凝結，甚至在安瓿的外部形成冰。這種冷凝可能會干擾安瓿的均勻旋轉，并導致密封質量差。使用適配器（例如，使用四氟乙烯適配器，將1-5毫升的安瓿裝在一個10毫升的樣品載具盤中）可以隔離安瓿，防止冷凝水影響安瓿的旋轉。